Dr Lloyd Axworthy Welcomes Participants to the Liu Centre

Table of Contents
Introduction

Welcome by Lloyd Axworthy

Opening Remarks by Bob Suart

Appendix 1 - Complete Presentations
Appendix 2 - Poster Presentations

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Note: Lloyd Axworthy, Director and CEO of the Liu Centre for the Study of Global Issues, was introduced by Bob Suart who reminded everyone the Dr Axworthy was a former Minister of Foreign Affairs for Canada and one of the driving forces behind the establishment of the Ottawa Convention.  

Lloyd Axworthy 

Well, thank you very much Bob. First, let me welcome everybody to the Liu Centre.  

It's real pleasure for us to have a conference dealing with landmine removal at the Centre. I think this workshop is exactly the kind of meeting we want to sponsor, support and encourage. Our job at the Centre is to try to put a practical application to broad issues, to make things work, to take the science of security and turn it into the policy of security.  

As some of you know, I've had a passing acquaintance with the landmine issue over the past several years. I'm still amazed and surprised at how much of a beacon that particular initiative has been for people around the world. This weekend, I was in Atlanta for a meeting of CARE International and, during the course of the meetings, three young people came to me and put a paper in my hands. The paper was about the work they were doing on the victimization of people by landmines and how to provide more effective triage and recovery. Here were people who still felt that this was one of my major ambitions. They felt part of the cause and part of the movement.   

I'm not going to spend a lot of time talking because I know you want to get down to work. However, I would like to take this occasion to make a very strong endorsement of the need for applied technology and applied methodology in mine action.   

My first experience in demining was when I visited Bosnia about four or five years ago. I was invited by a Norwegian demining team who were working in Sarajevo. Many of you will recall those horrendous days in Bosnia. Every time there was an advance or a retreat, a bushel of landmines were left to be retrieved. I don't think anything scared me as much as being taken down a very narrow path into a back yard where a group of guys were slowly probing the ground and moving the dirt away. Even though I had been equipped with the mask, gloves and armoured vest, I can tell you I was looking at my watch to see how long the demonstration was going to take.  I came away with an enormous respect for the courage of people who do that kind of work. To put it in the vernacular, deminers are at the sharp end where it really does happen.  

One thing that encourages me is that the convention is working. In terms of most recent updates, there are now 140 countries that have signed the treaty.  When we started out in Ottawa, it was 126. There's real progress and some of it is quite dramatic.  I got a call a couple of weeks ago from my old friend, George Papandreau, the Greek Foreign Minister. He told me very proudly that he and Ishmael Schem, the Foreign Minister of Turkey, have agreed that both countries will start the ratification process on the Landmines Treaty and begin to develop a program on their borders. As a confidence building measure, they will begin to eliminate, not only the stockpiles, but also the mines that are in the ground. For me, it is symbolic that one of the first ways they demonstrate a new spirit of cooperation and collaboration is to agree to support and ratify the Landmine Treaty. 

To make the convention work needs both those who develop technology and those who use it. I think that's why you're meeting here today. Your workshop is timely, important, and will result in enhanced cooperation and exchange of views. Your discussion will begin to tailor technology to the needs of the user.  

I'll give you one small example of how that struck me as being important. Three weeks ago, we invited a team from Mongolia to a meeting here at the Centre to talk about the Landmine Treaty. Mongolia is not a signatory and still uses landmines. There's a major debate going on in Mongolia that is interesting from your point of view.  Their problem in agreeing to sign the treaty is that they need to be shown how they can get rid of their mines in a cost effective way. Mongolia is a poor country with limited resources and doesn't want to make a commitment that's going to cost them a lot of money. Clearly they are going to be looking for donor help and for a demining program tailored to conditions in Mongolia.

In addition to the complex task of getting rid of the mines, the ability to advance the science and technology of demining adds a very substantial constructive element to the broadening of the Treaty's application. If we can demonstrate that demining can be done in a cost-effective and safe manner, this becomes a strong argument that helps advance the Treaty. I welcome you, not just for the work that you're doing, but also because I hope you can develop the connection between developers (inventors, scientists and engineers) and users, the people in the field who clear the mines. I encourage you to complete the triangle by involving the civil groups who are the sponsors of this work and have become the heart and soul of the movement. This particular partnership, bringing those elements together, will continue to demonstrate that the Landmine Treaty is more than just another arms control instrument.  It really is a demonstration of a different way of managing our affairs and of dealing with the problem of security.

In my five years as Canada's Foreign Minister, it was demonstrated to me, in virtually every meeting or encounter, that the notion of security is dramatically changing.  The traditional nation state security is still an important part of world relations but not the only part.  What is increasingly becoming the focus is the security of the individual.  We must provide security against the risks faced by individuals. This is especially important for the most vulnerable among us, the women and children.

The notion of human security, protection for the individual, is a central fact of our time. This is developing as one of the most important and significant transformations of this new century. We are rewriting the rulebook about how the world is going to be governed and the Landmine Treaty and its application is one of the foundations in that transformation. Demining activity is a good illustration in that it saves thousands from mutilation or death. It is also a major tool for self renewal and redevelopment. Parts of the world that used to be totally corrupted and polluted by landmines are now being transformed into productive use, regaining their fertility.  That is part of the hope and aspiration that the Treaty provides for so many people.

That's what human security is.  It's not just protection, it is the right to have a secure and prosperous life and to be able to walk on the land without fear. This one of the greatest contributions we've made to human security at the beginning of this new century.  

Once again, welcome to the Centre.  

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Table of Contents
Introduction

Welcome by Lloyd Axworthy

Opening Remarks by Bob Suart

Appendix 1 - Complete Presentations
Appendix 2 - Poster Presentations